Passive Cooling: How Tropical Buildings Stay Cool

<h2>The Problem</h2><p>In tropical climates, the sun is the enemy. Direct solar radiation can raise indoor temperatures 10-15 degrees Celsius above outdoor levels.</p><h2>Solutions</h2><ol><li><strong>Orientation</strong> - East-west axis to minimize afternoon sun exposure</li><li><strong>Deep Overhangs</strong> - 1-2m eaves block high-angle tropical sun</li><li><strong>Cross Ventilation</strong> - Opposing windows create pressure differentials</li><li><strong>Stack Effect</strong> - High ceilings with clerestory windows draw hot air up and out</li><li><strong>Thermal Mass</strong> - Concrete, stone, and rammed earth absorb heat during day, release at night</li><li><strong>Water Features</strong> - Evaporative cooling from pools and ponds</li><li><strong>Vegetation</strong> - Shade trees and green walls reduce ambient temperature by 3-5 degrees</li></ol>